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Disadvantages of The international Monetary Fund (IMF)- (Part 2) 11). Passive approach by IMF The IMF has been passive in its approach and not been effective in promoting exchange stability and maintaining orderly exchange arrangements. This is considered as one of the major disadvantages of IMF. The original fund agreement permits fluctuations of exchange rate within limits. It can fluctuate within a range of one per cent above or one per cent below the official price. This is called adjustable peg system. The exchange rate of currency was fixed in terms of golden dollar. Over years, U.S gold stock declined and U.S balance of payments suffered. It led to the collapse of Bretton Wood System in August 1971 when U.S refused convertibility of dollars into currency. Member countries were also following diverse exchange policies. These events simply prove that IMF was not able to maintain a uniform international exchange system which is a big disadvantage. 12).  Unsound policy

Disadvantages of the international monetary fund (IMF)- (Part 1) What is the international monetary fund (IMF) ?  The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created in 1944 at a conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, and are now based in Washington, DC. The IMF was originally designed to promote international economic cooperation and provide its member countries with short term loans so they could trade with other countries (achieve balance of payments). Since the debt crisis of the 1980’s, the IMF has assumed the role of bailing out countries during financial crises (caused in large part by currency speculation in the global casino economy) with emergency loan packages tied to certain conditions, often referred to as structural adjustment policies (SAPs). The IMF now acts like a global loan shark, exerting enormous leverage over the economies of more than 60 countries. These countries have to follow the IMF’s policies to get loans, international assistance, and